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1 commercial quality steel
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > commercial quality steel
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2 commercial quality steel
сталь обыкновенного качества, рядовая стальАнгло-русский словарь технических терминов > commercial quality steel
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3 commercial quality steel
1) Техника: рядовая сталь, сталь обыкновенного качества2) Автоматика: обыкновенная стальУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > commercial quality steel
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4 commercial-quality steel
Техника: сталь обыкновенного качестваУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > commercial-quality steel
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5 commercial quality steel
рядовая сталь, обыкновенная стальEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > commercial quality steel
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6 steel
сталь || стальной- abrasion-resistant steel
- acid Bessemer steel
- acid electric steel
- acid open-hearth steel
- acid steel
- acid-resisting steel
- age-hardenable steel
- ageing steel
- aircraft structural steel
- air-hardened steel
- air-hardening steel
- air-melted steel
- alkaliproof steel
- alkali-resistant steel
- alloy steel
- alloy tool steel
- alloyed steel
- alphatized steel
- aluminized steel
- aluminum grain-refined steel
- aluminum steel
- aluminum-coated steel
- aluminum-nickel steel
- aluminum-stabilized steel
- anchor steel
- angle steel
- annealed steel
- anticorrosion steel
- arc-furnace steel
- armco steel
- ausaging steel
- ausforming steel
- austenitic manganese steel
- austenitic Ni-Cr stainless steel
- austenitic stainless steel
- austenitic steel
- austenitic-carbidic steel
- austenitic-intermetallic steel
- automatic steel
- automobile steel
- axle steel
- bainitically heat-treated steel
- balanced steel
- ball bearing steel
- banding steel
- bandsaw steel
- bar steel
- basic Bessemer steel
- basic converter steel
- basic open-hearth steel
- basic oxygen steel
- bearing steel
- bearing-grade steel
- beaten steel
- beryllium steel
- Bessemer steel
- blanking steel
- blister steel
- blue steel
- boiler steel
- boron steel
- bottle-top steel
- bottom-run steel
- bright drawing steel
- bright steel
- bright-drawn steel
- bright-finished steel
- bronze steel
- bulb steel
- bulb-angle steel
- burned steel
- capped steel
- carbon nitrided steel
- carbon steel
- carbon tool steel
- carbonized steel
- carbon-martensite steel
- carbon-molybdenum steel
- carbon-vacuum deoxidized steel
- carburized steel
- carburizing steel
- case-hardened steel
- case-hardening steel
- cast steel
- cemented steel
- chain steel
- chilled steel
- chisel steel
- chrome steel
- chrome-manganese steel
- chrome-molybdenum steel
- chrome-nickel steel
- chrome-nickel-alloy steel
- chrome-nickel-molibdenum steel
- chrome-plated steel
- chrome-tungsten steel
- chrome-vanadium steel
- chromium steel
- chromium tool steel
- chromium-aluminum steel
- chromium-cobalt steel
- chromium-copper steel
- chromium-manganese steel
- chromium-molibdenum steel
- chromium-nickel steel
- chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel
- chromium-silicon steel
- chromium-tungsten steel
- chromium-tungsten-vanadium steel
- chromized steel
- clad steel
- cobalt steel
- cobalt-nickel steel
- coiled steel
- cold work steel
- cold-drawn steel
- cold-heading steel
- cold-rolled steel
- columbium-stabilized steel
- commercial forging steel
- commercial quality steel
- commercial steel
- common steel
- composite steel
- compound steel
- concrete-prestressing steel
- concrete-reinforcing steel
- constructional steel
- consumable electrode vacuum-melted steel
- controlled rimming steel
- converted steel
- converter steel
- copper steel
- copper-bearing steel
- copper-chromium steel
- copperclad steel
- copper-nickel steel
- copper-plated steel
- corrosion-resistant steel
- corrosion-resisting steel
- corrugated sheet steel
- CQ steel
- creep-resisting steel
- crucible steel
- crude steel
- cutlery-type stainless steel
- cyanided steel
- damascus steel
- damask steel
- DDQ steel
- dead-hard steel
- dead-melted steel
- dead-soft steel
- deep drawing quality steel
- deep drawing steel
- deep-hardening steel
- degasified steel
- deoxidized steel
- diamond tread steel
- die steel
- direct-process steel
- dirty steel
- dopped steel
- double-reduced steel
- double-refined steel
- double-shear steel
- drawn steel
- drill steel
- duplex steel
- dynamo sheet steel
- dynamo steel
- easily deformable steel
- EDD steel
- effervescent steel
- electric furnace steel
- electric steel
- electric tool steel
- electrical furnace steel
- emergency steel
- eutectoid steel
- exotic steel
- exposed quality steel
- extra deep drawing steel
- extrafine steel
- extrahard steel
- extrahigh tensile steel
- extrasoft steel
- face-hardened steel
- fagoted steel
- fashioned steel
- fast-finishing steel
- fast-machine steel
- faulty steel
- ferrite steel
- ferritic stainless steel
- ferritic steel
- fiery steel
- figured steel
- file steel
- fine steel
- fine-grained steel
- finished steel
- first quality steel
- flange steel
- flat steel
- flat-bulb steel
- flat-rolled steel
- forge steel
- forged steel
- forging die steel
- forging steel
- free-cutting steel
- free-machining steel
- fully deoxidized steel
- fully finished steel
- galvanized steel
- gear steel
- general purpose steel
- glass-hard steel
- grade steel
- graphitic steel
- graphitizable steel
- gun barrels steel
- gun steel
- Hadfield steel
- half-hard steel
- Halvan tool steel
- hammered steel
- hard cast steel
- hard steel
- hard-chrome steel
- hardened steel
- hard-grain steel
- heat-resistant steel
- heat-treated steel
- heavily alloyed steel
- heavy-fagoted steel
- heavy-melting steel
- hexagonal steel
- high-alloy steel
- high-carbon steel
- high-chromium steel
- high-cobalt steel
- high-creep strength steel
- high-ductility steel
- high-elastic limit steel
- higher-carbon steel
- high-grade steel
- high-hardenability core steel
- high-hardenability steel
- high-manganese steel
- high-nickel steel
- high-permeability steel
- high-quality steel
- high-resistance steel
- high-speed steel
- high-strength low alloy steel
- high-strength steel
- high-sulphur steel
- high-temperature steel
- high-tensile steel
- hollow drill steel
- hot die steel
- hot-brittle steel
- hot-rolled steel
- hot-work steel
- hot-working die steel
- hot-working steel
- HSLA steel
- H-steel
- hypereutectoid steel
- hyperpearlitic steel
- hypoeutectoid steel
- hypopearlitic steel
- Indian steel
- induction furnace steel
- induction vacuum melted steel
- ingot steel
- intermediate-alloy steel
- iron-chromium stainless steel
- irreversible steel
- killed steel
- knife steel
- knife-blade steel
- lead-coated steel
- leaded steel
- lean alloy steel
- ledeburitic steel
- light gage steel
- liquid-compressed steel
- loman steel
- low earing steel
- low-alloy steel
- low-alloyed steel
- low-carbon steel
- low-ductility steel
- low-expansion steel
- low-hardenability steel
- low-hardening steel
- low-manganese steel
- low-nickel steel
- low-phosphorus steel
- low-texture steel
- machine-tool steel
- magnet steel
- mandrel steel
- manganese steel
- manganese-killed steel
- manganese-silicon steel
- maraging steel
- martempering steel
- martensitic steel
- mechanically capped steel
- medium alloy steel
- medium-carbon steel
- medium-hard steel
- medium-strength steel
- medium-temper steel
- merchant steel
- mild steel
- milling steel
- mixed steel
- molybdenum steel
- needled steel
- nickel steel
- nickel-chrome steel
- nickel-chrome-molybdenum steel
- nickel-chromium steel
- nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel
- nickel-clad steel
- nickel-molybdenum steel
- nitrided steel
- nonaging steel
- noncorrosive steel
- nondeforming steel
- nonhardening steel
- nonmagnetic steel
- nonpiping steel
- nonrustic steel
- nonshrinking steel
- nonstrain-aging steel
- normal steel
- octagon steel
- oil-hardening steel
- open-hearth steel
- open-poured steel
- ordinary steel
- oriented steel
- overblown steel
- overheated steel
- over-reduced steel
- oxidation-resisting steel
- paragon steel
- pearlitic steel
- perished steel
- permanent-magnet steel
- PH steel
- piled steel
- pipe steel
- piped steel
- plain carbon steel
- plain steel
- planished sheet steel
- planished steel
- plate steel
- plow steel
- pneumatic steel
- polished sheet steel
- polished steel
- pot steel
- powder metallurgical compacted steel
- powdered metal high-speed steel
- precipitation-hardening steel
- precision steel
- pressure vessel steel
- primary steel
- puddle steel
- puddled steel
- punching steel
- purified steel
- PV steel
- QT steel
- quality steel
- quenched-and-tempered steel
- quick-cutting steel
- quick-speed steel
- rail steel
- railway structural steel
- rapid machining steel
- rapid steel
- raw steel
- red-hard steel
- refined steel
- refining steel
- refractory steel
- reinforcing steel
- rephosphorized steel
- resilient steel
- resulphurized steel
- rimmed steel
- rimming steel
- rising steel
- rivet steel
- rolled section steel
- rolled steel
- roller-bearing steel
- rose steel
- round steel
- rustless steel
- rust-resisting steel
- saw steel
- scrap steel
- screw steel
- secondary steel
- section steel
- selenium steel
- self-hardening steel
- semideoxidized steel
- semifinished steel
- semikilled steel
- shallow-hardening steel
- shape steel
- shear steel
- shearing steel
- sheet steel
- shock-resisting steel
- Siemens-Martin steel
- silchrome steel
- silicon steel
- silicon-killed steel
- silicon-manganese steel
- silver steel
- simple steel
- skelp steel
- slowly cooled steel
- soft steel
- special steel
- special treatment steel
- spheroidized steel
- spotty steel
- spring steel
- stabilized steel
- stainless clad steel
- stainless steel
- standard steel
- stock steel
- strain-aged steel
- stress-relieved annealed steel
- strip steel
- strong steel
- structural steel
- super-corrosion-resistant stainless steel
- superduty steel
- surface-hardening steel
- surgical steel
- tap steel
- tapped-on-carbon steel
- T-bulb steel
- tee-bulb steel
- tempered steel
- tensile strength steel
- ternary steel
- thermostrengthened steel
- Thomas steel
- through-hardening steel
- titanium steel
- titanium-stabilized steel
- tool steel
- Tor steel
- transformation induced plasticity steel
- transformer steel
- treated steel
- TRIP steel
- tube steel
- tungsten steel
- turbohearth steel
- two-ply steel
- tyre steel
- ultrastrong steel
- unkilled steel
- unsound steel
- vacuum carbon deoxidized steel
- vacuum degased steel
- vacuum-cast steel
- vacuum-induction melted steel
- vacuum-remelted steel
- valve steel
- vanadium steel
- water-hardening steel
- wear-resisting alloy steel
- weathering steel
- weld steel
- weldable steel
- welding steel
- wild steel
- wire rope steel
- Wootz steel
- wrought steelEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > steel
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7 steel
1) сталь2) арматура ( железобетона)•steel for arctic service — сталь северного исполнения-
abnormal steel
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abrasion-resistant steel
-
active steel
-
age-hardenable steel
-
aging steel
-
air-melted steel
-
alloy-free steel
-
alphatized steel
-
aluminized steel
-
aluminum grain-refined steel
-
aluminum-killed steel
-
annealed steel
-
arc-furnace steel
-
ausaging steel
-
ausforming steel
-
austenitic heat-resistant steel
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austenitic-carbidic steel
-
austenitic-intermetallic steel
-
automatic steel
-
bainitically heat-treated steel
-
balanced steel
-
ball bearing steel
-
banding steel
-
basic converter steel
-
basic oxygen steel
-
Bessemer steel
-
blister steel
-
boron steel
-
bottle-top steel
-
bottom-run steel
-
bright drawing steel
-
butcher's steel
-
capped steel
-
carbon steel
-
carbon tool steel
-
carbon-free steel
-
carbon-vacuum deoxidized steel
-
cast steel
-
chrome-plated steel
-
chromium steel
-
chromium-nickel steel
-
chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel
-
clad sheet steel
-
cobalt-nickel steel
-
coiled steel
-
cold-drawn steel
-
cold-heading steel
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cold-rolled steel
-
cold-strip steel
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commercial quality steel
-
composite steel
-
compound steel
-
compression steel
-
consumable electrode vacuum-melted steel
-
controlled rimming steel
-
converter steel
-
copper-bearing steel
-
corrosion-resistant steel
-
corrugated sheet steel
-
creep-resisting steel
-
crude steel
-
cryogenic steel
-
deep-drawing quality steel
-
deep-drawing steel
-
degasified steel
-
deoxidized steel
-
die steel
-
direct-hardening steel
-
dispersion-hardening steel
-
distribution steel
-
doped steel
-
double-reduced steel
-
drawing quality steel
-
drawn steel
-
drill steel
-
duplex steel
-
effervescent steel
-
electrical steel
-
electric steel
-
exposed quality steel
-
extradeep drawing steel
-
extrahigh tensile steel
-
extrasoft steel
-
face-hardened steel
-
fast-finishing steel
-
faulty steel
-
ferritic steel
-
fine-grained steel
-
finished steel
-
free-machining steel
-
galvanized steel
-
general-purpose steel
-
glass-hard steel
-
glass-lined steel
-
H steel
-
Hadfield steel
-
half-hard steel
-
hardened steel
-
heat-hardenable steel
-
heat-resistant steel
-
heavy-fagoted steel
-
heavy-melting steel
-
high proof stress steel
-
high-chromium steel
-
high-creep strength steel
-
high-ductility steel
-
high-manganese steel
-
high-permeability steel
-
high-quality steel
-
high-speed steel
-
high-strength steel
-
high-temperature steel
-
high-tempered steel
-
high-tensile steel
-
hollow drill steel
-
hot-brittle steel
-
hot-rolled steel
-
hot-working die steel
-
hypoeutectoid steel
-
induction vacuum melted steel
-
ingot steel
-
inherently coarse-grained steel
-
intermediate-alloy steel
-
iron-chromium stainless steel
-
killed steel
-
laminated spring steel
-
leaded steel
-
light-gage steel
-
liquid compressed steel
-
loman steel
-
low-alloy steel
-
low-carbon steel
-
low-ductility steel
-
low-earing steel
-
low-hardening steel
-
low-manganese steel
-
low-texture steel
-
magnetic steel
-
magnet steel
-
magnetically hard steel
-
magnetically soft steel
-
manganese-killed steel
-
maraging steel
-
martempering steel
-
martensitic stainless steel
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mechanically capped steel
-
mild steel
-
mold steel
-
molybdenum steel
-
multialloy steel
-
needled steel
-
nickel steel
-
nickel-clad steel
-
nitrided steel
-
nonaging steel
-
noncorrosive steel
-
nonhardening steel
-
nonmagnetic steel
-
nonshrinking steel
-
normal steel
-
nuclear steel
-
oil-hardening steel
-
one-side galvanized steel
-
oriented steel
-
overannealed steel
-
overblown steel
-
overheated steel
-
over-reduced steel
-
oxidation-resisting steel
-
perished steel
-
pipe steel
-
piped steel
-
plain carbon steel
-
plastic mold steel
-
plate steel
-
pneumatic steel
-
porcelain-enameled steel
-
pot steel
-
precipitation-hardening steel
-
precision steel
-
precoated steel
-
pressure vessel steel
-
punched skeleton steel
-
quality carbon steel
-
quenched-and-tempered steel
-
quick-cutting steel
-
rail steel
-
railway structural steel
-
raw steel
-
red-hard steel
-
refractory steel
-
reinforcing steel
-
rephosphorized steel
-
rising steel
-
rolled steel
-
roller-bearing steel
-
roof steel
-
rose steel
-
rustless steel
-
rust-resisting steel
-
scale-resistant steel
-
self-hardening steel
-
semikilled steel
-
sheet steel
-
shipbuilding steel
-
silicon steel
-
silicon-killed steel
-
silicon-sheet steel
-
silver steel
-
skelp steel
-
soft steel
-
spheroidized steel
-
spotty steel
-
spring steel
-
stainless clad steel
-
stainless steel
-
stentor steel
-
strain-aged steel
-
stress-relieved annealed steel
-
strip steel
-
strong steel
-
structural steel
-
superduty steel
-
tailored steel
-
tap steel
-
tapped-on-carbon steel
-
tempered steel
-
tension steel
-
thermostrengthened steel
-
Thomas steel
-
through-hardening steel
-
tire steel
-
titanium steel
-
tool steel
-
Tor steel
-
transformation induced plasticity steel
-
transformer steel
-
treated steel
-
tungsten-chromium tool steel
-
turbohearth steel
-
two-ply steel
-
unkilled steel
-
unsound steel
-
vacuum-cast steel
-
vacuum-degassed steel
-
vacuum-induction melted steel
-
vacuum-remelted steel
-
vacuum-treated steel
-
vanadium steel
-
water-hardening steel
-
wear-resisting steel
-
weathering steel
-
wheel steel -
8 quality
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9 steel
сталь || стальной— alloyed steel
* * *
* * *
1) сталь || стальной2) стальной бур•- carbide-tipped steel
- carburized steel
- cement steel
- collared steel
- corrosion-resistant steel
- drilling steel
- extension steel
- extra hard steel
- finishing steel
- flat drill steel
- flexible ribbon steel
- hand drill steel
- hexagon steel
- high-carbon steel
- high-speed steel
- holing drill steel
- hollow steel
- integral steel
- machine steel
- pipe steel
- plow steel
- rock-drill steel
- round steel
- rustless steel
- sectional steel
- sharpened steel
- six-point steel
- solid drill steel
- spiral-rolled drill steel
- stuck steel
- tipped steel
- tungsten steel
- tungsten-carbide tipped drill steel -
10 sheet
лист, тонкий лист, тонколистовая сталь- automobile body sheet
- bi-metal sheet
- black sheet
- blue sheet
- box-annealed sheet
- brass sheet
- bright lustre sheet
- bright-polished sheet
- checkered sheet
- clad metal sheet
- coated sheet
- cold-reduced sheet
- cold-rolled sheet
- cold-rolled commercial quality sheet
- cold-rolled drawing quality sheet
- cold-rolled lustre finish sheets
- cold-rolled steel sheet
- commercial sheet
- copper sheet
- corrugated steel sheet
- dead-flat sheet
- dead-soft temper sheet
- dull-finish sheet
- dynamo sheet
- electrical grade sheet
- electro-zinc coated sheet
- flat sheet
- flat cold-rolled sheets
- fly sheared sheet
- galvanized sheet
- half-hard temper sheet
- hard temper sheet
- hot-rolled finished sheet
- lacquer-coated steel sheet
- light cold-rolled sheet
- light-gauge sheet
- long terne sheets
- magnetic sheet
- pack-rolled sheet
- pickled sheet
- planished sheet
- porcelain enameling sheet
- prime sheet
- processing sheets
- quarter hard temper sheet
- reject sheet
- rider sheets
- riffled sheet
- roofing sheet
- silicon sheet
- single-pickled sheet
- skin-passed sheet
- skin-rolled temper sheet
- stacked sheets
- steel sheet
- tapered sheet
- temper-rolled sheet
- tin sheet
- tinned steel sheet
- titanium sheet
- transformer sheet
- vinyl-coated sheet
- vitreous enameling sheet
- zinc-coated steel sheet -
11 Holabird, William
[br]b. 11 September 1854 American Union, New York, USAd. 19 July 1923 Evanston, Illinois, USA[br]American architect who contributed to the development of steel framing, a type of structure that rendered possible the erection of the skyscraper.[br]The American skyscraper was, in the 1870s and 1880s, very much the creation of what came to be known as the Chicago school of architecture. It was the most important American contribution to the urban architectural scene. At this time conditions were ripe for this type of office development, and in the big cities, notably Chicago and New York, steeply rising land values provided the incentive to build high; the structural means to do so had been triggered by the then low costs of making quality iron and steel. The skyscraper appeared after the invention of the passenger lift by Otis and the pioneer steel-frame work of Jenney. In 1875 Holabird was working in Jenney's office in Chicago. By 1883 he had set up in private practice, joined by another young architect, Martin Roche (1855–1927), and together they were responsible for the Tacoma Building (1887–9) in Chicago. In this structure the two front façades were entirely non-load-bearing and were carried by an internal steel skeleton; only the rear walls were load-bearing. The design of the building was not revolutionary (this had to wait for L.H. Sullivan) but was traditional in form. It was the possibility of being able to avoid load-bearing outer walls that enabled a building to rise above some nine storeys, and the thirteen-storeyed Tacoma Building pointed the way to the future development of the skyscraper. The firm of Holabird \& Roche continued in the following decades in Chicago to design and construct further high-quality, although lower, commercial buildings such as those in South Michigan Avenue and the McClurg Building. However, they are best remembered for their contribution in engineering to the development of high-rise construction.[br]Further ReadingF.Mujica, 1929, History of the Skyscraper, Paris: Archaeology and Architecture Press. C.W.Condit, 1964, The Chicago School of Architecture: A History of Commercial andPublic Building in the Chicago Area 1875–1925, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. J.W.Rudd (compiler), 1966, Holabird and Roche: Chicago Architects, American Association of Architectural Bibliographers.DY -
12 Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 27 March 1886 Aachen, Germanyd. 17 August 1969 Chicago, USA[br]German architect, third of the great trio of long-lived, second-generation modernists who established the international style in the inter-war years and brought it to maturity (See Jeanneret (Le Corbusier) and Gropius).[br]Mies van der Rohe was the son of a stonemason and his early constructional training came from his father. As a young man he gained experience of the modern school from study of the architecture of the earlier leaders, notably Peter Behrens, Hendrik Berlage and Frank Lloyd Wright. He commenced architectural practice in 1913 and soon after the First World War was establishing his own version of modern architecture. His building materials were always of the highest quality, of marble, stone, glass and, especially, steel. He stripped his designs of all extraneous decoration: more than any of his contemporaries he followed the theme of elegance, functionalism and an ascetic concentration on essentials. He believed that architectural design should not look backwards but should reflect the contemporary achievement of advanced technology in both its construction and the materials used, and he began early in his career to act upon these beliefs. Typical was his early concrete and glass office building of 1922, after which, more importantly, came his designs for the German Pavilion at the Barcelona Exposition of 1929. These designs included his famous Barcelona chair, made from chrome steel and leather in a geometrical design, one which has survived as a classic and is still in production. Another milestone was his Tugendhat House in Brno (1930), a long, low, rectilinear structure in glass and steel that set a pattern for many later buildings of this type. In 1930 Mies followed his colleagues as third Director of the Bauhaus, but due to the rise of National Socialism in Germany it was closed in 1933. He finally left Germany for the USA in 1937, and the following year he took up his post as Director of Architecture in Chicago at what is now known as the Illinois Institute of Technology and where he remained for twenty years. In America Mies van der Rohe continued to develop his work upon his original thesis. His buildings are always recognizable for their elegance, fine proportions, high-quality materials and clean, geometrical forms; nearly all are of glass and steel in rectangular shapes. The structure and design evolved according to the individual needs of each commission, and there were three fundamental types of design. One type was the single or grouped high-rise tower, built for apartments for the wealthy, as in his Lake Shore Drive Apartments in Chicago (1948–51), or for city-centre offices, as in his Seagram Building in New York (1954–8, with Philip Johnson) or his Chicago Federal Centre (1964). Another form was the long, low rectangle based upon the earlier Tugendhat House and seen again in the New National Gallery in Berlin (1965–8). Third, there were the grouped schemes when the commission called for buildings of varied purpose on a single, large site. Here Mies van der Rohe achieved a variety and interest in the different shapes and heights of buildings set out in spatial harmony of landscape. Some examples of this type of scheme were housing estates (Lafayette Park Housing Development in Detroit, 1955–6), while others were for educational, commercial or shopping requirements, as at the Toronto Dominion Centre (1963–9).[br]Further ReadingL.Hilbersheimer, 1956, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Chicago: P.Theobald.Peter Blake, 1960, Mies van der Rohe, Architecture and Structure, Penguin, Pelican. Arthur Drexler, 1960, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, London: Mayflower.Philip Johnson, 1978, Mies van der Rohe, Seeker and Warburg.DYBiographical history of technology > Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig
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13 printing
1. печать, печатание2. фотографическое копирование; копирование на формную пластину3. печатное издание4. тираж5. полиграфия, полиграфическая промышленность6. различные сорта печатной бумагиprinting together — печатание «со своим оборотом»
printing two-up — печатание двойников, параллельное печатание с двух одинаковых форм
printing verse — печатание на обороте, запечатывание оборотной стороны
address printing — адресование, печатание адреса
arc printing — дуговая печать, печатание с помощью электрической дуги
7. печатание на оборотной стороне прозрачной плёнкиbackground printing — фоновая печать, печатание фона
bible printing — словарная бумага, библьдрук
bichromate printing — печатание с форм, изготовленных с использованием хромированных коллоидов
8. печатание голубой краской; светокопирование9. изготовление синих копий, изготовление «синек»Braille printing — Брайлевская печать, печать для слепых
bronze printing — бронзирование, печатание бронзовой краской
10. печатание на картонных заготовках; печатание на картоне11. производство картонных упаковокcode printing — печатание кодовых меток, печатание кодовых знаков, кодирование, шифрование
12. цветная печатная бумагаcolor process printing — многокрасочное печатание с форм, изготовленных фотомеханическим способом
13. контактная печать14. контактное копированиеprinting lamp — лампа для копирования, копировальная лампа
15. печатание издания в нескольких вариантах с учётом интересов потребителей16. печатание по требованию одного экземпляра издания17. прямое контактное копирование18. прямая печать19. печатание с первичной формы20. печатание изобразительной продукцииprinting contrast — контраст, реализуемый при печатании
21. печатание на прозрачном материалеdot-in-dot printing — печатание с точной приводкой, печатание «точка в точку»
dot matrix character printing — печатание знаков, формируемых точечной матрицей
printing process — печатный процесс; процесс печатания
22. двукратное запечатывание23. комбинирование деталей двух разных негативов на одном позитиве или печатной формеduotone printing — печатание двухкрасочных репродукций с одноцветного оригинала, дуплекс-автотипия
electrophoretic printing — электрофоретическая печать, способ электрофоретической печати
electrostatographic printing — электрография, электрографическая печать
embossed printing for blind — рельефная печать для слепых, Брайлевская печать
facsimile printing — факсимильное воспроизведение, факсимильная печать
ferromagnetic printing — печатание ферромагнитными красками, магнитографская печать, магнитография
flat-bed printing — печатание на плоскопечатных машинах, печатание с плоских форм высокой печати
flexographic printing — флексографская печать, печатание с эластичных форм
form skip printing — печатание формуляров с пропусками отдельных пунктов на последовательно идущих страницах
24. четырёхкрасочная печатьprinting device — печатающее устройство; устройство печати
printing station — пункт вывода на печать; станция печати
25. печатание в четыре краски26. многокрасочная печать всеми основными краскамиgelatin printing — фототипия, печать с желатиновых печатных форм
27. нанесение клеевого слоя28. гуммированиеheat-set printing — печатание красками, закрепляющимися под действием нагрева
helios printing — гелиопечать, гелиография
hot foil printing — горячее тиснение фольгой, тиснение фольгой с использованием нагретого штампа
29. переводной способ копирования30. печатание через промежуточную поверхность; офсетная печать31. ведомственная печать32. внутрифирменная печатьiridescent printing — радужная печать; печать враскат
level impression printing — печатание с равномерным натиском, печатание с равномерным давлением
33. печатание литографским способом, литография34. офсетная печатьmagnetic ink printing — печатание магнитными красками, магнитографская печать, магнитография
35. картографическая печать, картопечатание36. производство картографической продукции37. копирование изображения на металлическую пластину38. печатание на металле39. акцидентная печать40. печатание акцидентной продукции41. однокрасочная печать42. печатание однокрасочной продукцииprinting pressure — давление печатания, натиск
43. многокрасочная печать44. печатание многокрасочной продукцииmultigraph printing — печатание с ручного набора, закреплённого на цилиндре
45. печатание газетно-журнальной продукции46. газетно-журнальное производство47. печатание газет48. газетное производствоoff-register printing — печатание с несовмещением, печатание с нарушением приводки
offset printing — офсет, офсетная печать
49. распечатка информации, хранящейся в базе данных вычислительной системы по требованию50. печатание по требованию51. печатание персонализированных изданий52. оптическая печать53. проекционное копирование54. печатание на упаковочных материалах55. производство упаковкиpackaging printing and converting — печать и изготовление упаковок; печать и изготовление тары
56. фотография57. фотопечать; копированиеphotographic offset printing — офсетная печать с форм, изготовленных фотомеханическим способом
58. глубокая печать59. печатание с гелиогравюрphotolithooffset printing — офсетная печать с форм, изготовленных фотомеханическим способом
60. печатание с форм, изготовленных фотомеханическим способом61. фотомеханический способ размножения62. печатание с гравированных медных пластин63. печатание вкладных иллюстрацийprocess printing — многокрасочная печать с форм, изготовленных фотомеханическим способом
64. печатание издательской продукции65. заключительная стадия печатанияraised printing — печатание с последующим оплавлением рельефа; рельефная печать
66. рефлексное копирование67. рефлексное печатание68. печатание с выворотных форм69. печатание с реверсивным приводом цилиндров; реверсивное печатание70. печатание на обороте, запечатывание оборотной стороныrotary printing — ротационная печать, печатание на ротационных машинах
71. печатание многокрасочных газет «по сырому»72. цветные краски для печатания газет73. растровая печать74. второй завод, допечаткаprinting mistake — опечатка, типографская ошибка
75. второй прогонselective printing — избирательное печатание, печатание с избирательным воспроизведением знаков
76. малотиражная печать77. малотиражное копированиеside-by-side printing — радужная печать, печать враскат
small offset printing — «малый офсет», печатание малоформатной продукции офсетным способом
solid printing — печатание со сплошных форм, печатание плашек
solid color printing — печатание со сплошных форм цветными красками, печатание цветных плашек
solventless printing — печатание красками, не содержащими растворителя
split color printing — радужная печать, печать враскат
78. трафаретная печать79. ротаторная печатьsublimatic heat transfer printing — термодекалькомания, сублимационная печать
test printing — пробное печатание, изготовление пробных оттисков
thermal printing — термопечать, термографская печать, термография; печатание термокрасками
thermographic printing — термопечать, термографская печать, термография, печатание термокрасками
three-color process printing — трёхкрасочная печать с цветоделённых печатных форм, изготовленных фотомеханическим способом
three-over-one printing — печатание красочностью 3+1
80. печатание на тканях81. печатание на тонкой бумаге82. декалькомания, печатание переводных изображений83. печатание с переносом изображенияtrouble-free printing — бесперебойное печатание, печатание без помех и перебоев
vapor printing — «дымовая» печать, печатание паром
water-based ink printing — печатание водными красками, печатание красками на водной основе
web printing — печатание на рулонном материале, рулонная печать
wood block printing — печатание с деревянного клише; ксилография
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14 alloy
1) сплав || сплавлять2) легирующий элемент || легировать•- abrasion-resisting alloy
- acid-resistant alloy
- addition alloy
- age-hardening alloy
- aging alloy
- air-hardening alloy
- air-melted alloy
- alkali metal alloy
- alkaline earth alloy
- alkaline earth metal-aluminum alloy
- alkali-resistant alloy
- alkali-resisting alloy
- all-alpha alloy
- all-beta alloy
- alpha alloy
- alpha iron alloy
- alpha+beta alloy
- alpha-beta alloy
- alpha-phase alloy
- alpha-titanium alloy
- aluminum alloy of iron
- aluminum alloy
- aluminum casting alloy
- aluminum piston alloy
- aluminum-base alloy
- aluminum-bearing alloy
- aluminum-copper alloy
- aluminum-copper-magnesium alloy
- aluminum-copper-magnesium-nickel alloy
- aluminum-copper-silicon alloy
- aluminum-copper-silicon-magnesium alloy
- aluminum-magnesium alloy
- aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy
- aluminum-manganese alloy
- aluminum-manganese-magnesium alloy
- aluminum-nickel-iron alloy
- aluminum-silicon alloy
- aluminum-zinc-silicon alloy
- anticorrosion alloy
- antifriction alloy
- as-cast alloy
- austenitic alloy
- barium-aluminum alloy
- bearing alloy
- beryllium alloy of iron
- beryllium-copper alloy
- beryllium-copper-aluminum alloy
- beta alloy
- beta-phase alloy
- beta-titanium alloy
- binary alloy
- bismuth alloy
- body-centered cubic alloy
- boron-bearing alloy
- brass brazing alloy
- brazing alloy
- cadmium alloy
- cadmium-nickel alloy
- cadmium-silver alloy
- carbide-strengthened alloy
- carbon-bearing alloy
- carbon-free alloy
- cast alloy
- castable alloy
- casting alloy
- chrome alloy
- chrome-base alloy
- chrome-bearing alloy
- chrome-nickel alloy
- chromium-nickel-tungsten alloy
- chromium-rich alloy
- chromium-tantalum alloy
- chromium-titanium alloy
- chromium-tungsten-zirconium alloy
- chromium-yttrium alloy
- close-packed alloy
- cobalt alloy
- cobalt-base alloy
- cobalt-bearing alloy
- cobalt-chromium alloy
- cobalt-chromium-nickel alloy
- cobalt-chromium-tungsten-molybdenum alloy
- coinage alloy
- columbium alloy
- columbium-base alloy
- columbium-molybdenum-titanium alloy
- column's alloys
- commercial alloy
- complex alloy
- constant-modulus alloy
- constructional alloy
- controlled-expansion alloy
- copper alloy
- copper-base alloy
- copper-bearing alloy
- copper-free alloy
- copper-gold alloy
- copper-lead alloy
- copper-silver alloy
- copper-tin alloy
- copper-zinc alloy
- corrosion-resistant alloy
- corrosion-resisting alloy
- creep-resistant alloy
- cupronickel alloy
- die-casting alloy
- difficult-to-extrude alloy
- dilute alloy
- disordered alloy
- dispersion-hardened alloy
- dispersion-strengthened alloy
- ductile alloy
- duplex alloy
- electrically conductive alloy
- electrically superconducting alloy
- electrical-resistance alloy
- electrical-resistant alloy
- embrittlement-resistant alloy
- eutectic alloy
- eutectoid alloy
- extra-hard alloy
- extrahigh tensile alloy
- face-centered cubic alloy
- ferrite alloy
- ferromagnetic alloy
- ferrous alloy
- fine-grained alloy
- forging alloy
- foundry alloy
- four-component alloy
- four-part alloy
- free-cutting alloy
- free-machining alloy
- fusible alloy
- G.-P. zone alloy
- gamma-iron alloy
- gamma-phase alloy
- gold-base alloy
- graphitized alloy
- Guthrie's alloy
- hard alloy
- hard magnetic alloy
- hard superconducting alloy
- hard-facing alloy
- heat-resistant alloy
- heat-resisting alloy
- heat-sensitive alloy
- heat-treatable alloy
- heat-treated alloy
- heavy alloy
- heterogeneous alloy
- Heusler alloy
- hexagonal alloy
- high alloy
- high-carbon alloy
- high-chrome alloy
- high-cobalt alloy
- high-coercivity alloy
- high-damping alloy
- high-density alloy
- high-ductile alloy
- high-expansion alloy
- high-initial-permeability alloy
- high-melting alloy
- high-melting point alloy
- high-melting-temperature alloy
- high-nickel alloy
- high-permeability alloy
- high-resistance alloy
- high-strength alloy
- high-temperature alloy
- high-tensile alloy
- high-yield alloy
- homogeneous alloy
- homogenized alloy
- hot-strength alloy
- hypereutectic alloy
- hypereutectoid alloy
- hypoeutectic alloy
- hypoeutectoid alloy
- ignition alloy
- industrial alloy
- intermediate-strength alloy
- intermetallic alloy
- internally oxidized alloy
- iron alloy
- iron-aluminum-nickel alloy
- iron-bearing alloy
- iron-carbon alloy
- iron-chrome alloy
- iron-chromium-aluminum alloy
- iron-chromium-nickel alloy
- iron-cobalt alloy
- iron-cobalt-molybdenum alloy
- iron-cobalt-nickel alloy
- iron-cobalt-tungsten alloy
- iron-manganese alloy
- iron-nickel alloy
- iron-nickel-aluminum alloy
- iron-nickel-chromium alloy
- iron-nickel-cobalt alloy
- jet alloy
- lead alloy
- lead-antimony alloy
- lead-antimony-tin alloy
- lead-base alloy
- lead-bearing alloy
- lead-bismuth alloy
- lead-calcium alloy
- lead-tin alloy
- lean alloy
- Lichtenberg's alloy
- light alloy
- low alloy
- low-carbon alloy
- low-chrome alloy
- low-density alloy
- low-ductile alloy
- low-expansion alloy
- low-melting alloy
- low-nickel alloy
- low-permeability alloy
- low-quality alloy
- low-resistance alloy
- low-strength alloy
- low-temperature alloy
- low-tensile alloy
- low-yield alloy
- magnesium alloy
- magnesium-aluminum alloy
- magnesium-aluminum-zinc alloy
- magnesium-bearing alloy
- magnesium-manganese alloy
- magnesium-manganese-thorium alloy
- magnesium-thorium-zirconium alloy
- magnesium-zinc-zirconium alloy
- magnetic alloy
- magnetically hard alloy
- magnetically soft alloy
- master alloy
- medium alloy
- medium-carbon alloy
- medium-chrome alloy
- medium-nickel alloy
- medium-strength alloy
- memory alloy
- Mishima alloy
- molybdenum-titanium alloy
- multilayer brazing alloy
- multiphase alloy
- natural aging alloy
- nickel alloy
- nickel aluminide alloy
- nickel-base alloy
- nickel-based alloy
- nickel-cadmium alloy
- nickel-chrome-molybdenum alloy
- nickel-chromium alloy
- nickel-cobalt alloy
- nickel-copper alloy
- nickel-iron alloy
- nickel-molybdenum alloy
- nickel-molybdenum-iron alloy
- nickel-rich alloy
- nickel-silicon alloy
- noble metal alloy
- no-coolant alloy
- nonaging alloy
- noncorrosive alloy
- nonferrous metal alloy
- non-heat-treatable alloy
- nonmagnetic alloy
- nonordered alloy
- nonoxidizable alloy
- nonscaling alloy
- nonsparking alloy
- one-phase alloy
- ordered alloy
- oxidation-resistant alloy
- oxidation-resisting alloy
- palladium-silver alloy
- peritectic alloy
- peritectoid alloy
- permanent-magnet alloy
- phosphorous-copper alloy
- piston alloy
- plating alloy
- platinum alloy
- platinum-cobalt alloy
- platinum-metal alloy
- platinum-rhodium alloy
- plural-phase alloy
- polyphase alloy
- powder metallurgical alloy
- powder-brazing alloy
- precipitation hardening alloy
- preferred-orientation alloy
- preformed brazing alloy
- preliminary alloy
- process alloy
- pyrophoric alloy
- quasi-binary alloy
- quasi-eutectic alloy
- quasi-eutectoid alloy
- quaternary alloy
- quinary alloy
- random alloy
- random-orientation alloy
- rare-earth alloy
- rare-earth metal master alloy
- reduction alloy
- refractory alloy
- resistance alloy
- rich alloy
- Rose's alloy
- ruthenium-palladium alloy
- sand-cast alloy
- scale-resisting alloy
- self-fluxing brazing alloy
- semicommercial alloy
- semiconducting alloy
- shape memory alloy
- sheet alloy
- silicon alloy
- silicon-aluminum alloy
- silver brazing alloy
- single-phase alloy
- sintered alloy
- sintered hard alloy
- soft-magnetic alloy
- solder alloy
- solid solution alloy
- solution-treated alloy
- sparking alloy
- spelter-brazing alloy
- spring alloy
- stable alloy
- steam corrosion-resistant alloy
- steel alloy
- strain-hardened alloy
- structural alloy
- substitute alloy
- substitutional alloy
- superconducting alloy
- superconductive alloy
- superconductor alloy
- supercooled alloy
- superhard alloy
- superplastic alloy
- supersaturated alloy
- supersaturated substitutional alloy
- tailored alloy
- tantalum alloy of iron
- tantalum alloy
- tantalum-base alloy
- tantalum-tungsten alloy
- temperature compensation alloy
- ternary alloy
- thallium-lead alloy
- thermomagnetic alloy
- three-component alloy
- three-part alloy
- three-phase alloy
- tin-base alloy
- tin-bearing alloy
- titanium alloy
- titanium-aluminum-manganese alloy
- titanium-aluminum-molybdenum alloy
- titanium-aluminum-tin alloy
- titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy
- titanium-base alloy
- tough alloy
- transition alloy
- tungsten alloy
- two-component alloy
- two-phase alloy
- type-metal alloy
- unsaturated alloy
- untarnishable alloy
- vacuum alloy
- vacuum annealed alloy
- vacuum-arc-refining alloy
- vacuum-induction-melting alloy
- vacuum-remelted alloy
- virgin alloy
- wear-resistant alloy
- wear-resisting alloy
- welding alloy
- Wood's alloy
- work-hardening alloy
- wrought alloy
- zinc alloy
- zinc-aluminum alloy
- zinc-base alloy
- zinc-bearing alloy
- zinc-copper alloy
- zirconium alloy of ironEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > alloy
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15 iron
1) железо2) чугун3) pl железные изделия4) прочность; твёрдость•to iron down — рихтовать; править; выглаживать
- abrasion-resistant ironto iron out — выравнивать, сглаживать
- acicular iron
- acid-bessemer pig iron
- acid-resistant cast iron
- acid-resistant iron
- alloyed cast iron
- alloyed iron
- alpha iron
- American malleable cast iron
- American malleable iron
- angle iron
- annealed sheet iron
- armco iron
- as-cast iron
- austenitic cast iron
- austenitic iron
- bar iron
- basic Bessemer pig iron
- basic pig iron
- bead iron
- beak iron
- bearing cast iron
- Bessemer pig iron
- beta iron
- black sheet iron
- black-cored malleable cast iron
- black-cored malleable iron
- black-heart malleable cast iron
- black-heart malleable iron
- blast-broken iron
- blow-lamp soldering iron
- box iron
- brittle iron
- broken iron
- bulb iron
- bundle iron
- bushelled iron
- carbonyl iron
- case-hardened cast iron
- case-hardened iron
- cast iron
- cerium-treated cast iron
- cerium-treated iron
- charcoal hearth iron
- charcoal pig iron
- chilled cast iron
- cinder pig iron
- clamp iron
- close-grain cast iron
- close-grained cast iron
- coarse-grain cast iron
- coarse-grained cast iron
- cobalt-nickel cast iron
- cobalt-nickel iron
- coke iron
- coke pig iron
- cold blown pig iron
- cold pig iron
- cold-blast pig iron
- cold-short iron
- commercial iron
- conversion pig iron
- converter iron
- convex iron
- core iron
- corrosion-resistant cast iron
- corrosion-resistant iron
- corrugated iron
- corrugated sheet iron
- cramp iron
- cupola iron
- delta iron
- dephosphorized iron
- desulfurized iron
- double-T iron
- dry iron
- ductile iron
- electric soldering iron
- electrolytic iron
- enameled iron
- engineering cast iron
- equal angle iron
- European malleable iron
- fagoted iron
- fashioned iron
- ferric iron
- ferritic cast iron
- ferritic modular cast iron
- ferritic modular iron
- ferrous iron
- figured iron
- fine-grained iron
- finished iron
- flake graphite iron
- flat iron
- forge iron
- foundry iron
- foundry pig iron
- free-running iron
- g iron
- galvanized iron
- gamma iron
- grab iron
- grain-oriented silicon iron
- granulated iron
- graphitic pig iron
- gray cast iron
- gray pig iron
- H iron
- hack iron
- half-round iron
- hammered iron
- hammer-headed soldering iron
- heat-resistant cast iron
- heavily alloyed iron
- hematite pig iron
- high-alloy iron
- high-carbon iron
- high-chromium cast iron
- high-chromium iron
- high-duty cast iron
- high-grade cast iron
- high-grade iron
- high-phosphorus iron
- high-quality iron
- high-silicon iron
- high-strength cast iron
- high-strength iron
- high-tensile cast iron
- high-tensile iron
- high-test cast iron
- high-test iron
- hot-blast pig iron
- hot-blown pig iron
- hot-short iron
- ingot iron
- inoculated cast iron
- L iron
- ladle-treated iron
- laminated sheet iron
- lightly mottled gray cast iron
- lightly mottled gray iron
- liquid iron
- little-beak iron
- loaded iron
- low-carbon iron
- low-expansion cast iron
- low-expansion iron
- low-manganese iron
- low-phosphorus iron
- low-silicon iron
- low-slag iron
- low-sulphur iron
- magnesium-treated cast iron
- magnet iron
- magnetic iron
- magnetic metallic iron
- malleable cast iron
- malleable iron
- manganese iron
- manganese white cast iron
- manganese white iron
- manganiferous white cast iron
- manganiferous white iron
- martensitic iron
- mechanite cast iron
- medium-phosphorus iron
- merchant bar iron
- modified heat-resistant iron
- modified iron
- molten iron
- molten pig iron
- mottled iron
- mottled pig iron
- natural alloy iron
- nodular cast iron
- nonmagnetic cast iron
- nonmagnetic iron
- off-analysis iron
- offgrade iron
- off-sulphur iron
- open-grained cast iron
- open-hearth pig iron
- ordinary quality gray iron
- oriented silicon iron
- pasty iron
- pearlitic cast iron
- phosphoric iron
- pig iron
- plate iron
- porcelain enameling iron
- porous cast iron
- powdered iron
- profile iron
- profiled iron
- puddling pig iron
- pure iron
- rapping iron
- reduced metallic iron
- refined bar iron
- refined cast iron
- refined pig iron
- remelted iron
- riffled iron
- rivet iron
- rolled iron
- roll-foundry iron
- round iron
- scrapped iron
- second-melt iron
- section iron
- sectional iron
- set iron
- sheet iron
- short-cycle malleable iron
- side irons
- silicious iron
- silicon iron
- silicon-treated gray cast iron
- slag iron
- sluggish iron
- soft iron
- soldering iron
- sow iron
- specular iron
- spherical graphite iron
- spheroidal graphite cast iron
- spheroidal graphite iron
- spherulitic iron
- spiegel iron
- sponge iron
- stainless iron
- standard Bessemer iron
- static-cast iron
- steel-making iron
- steely iron
- strap iron
- strip iron
- synthetic iron
- tamping iron
- tapping iron
- T-bulb iron
- tee iron
- telluric iron
- Thomas iron
- tilted iron
- tramp iron
- two-beak iron
- ultrasonic soldering iron
- ungraded iron
- very-open-grained pig iron
- waste iron
- wear-resistant cast iron
- weld iron
- welding iron
- white iron
- whiteheart malleable iron
- wrenching iron
- wrought iron
- young iron
- zone-purified ironEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > iron
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16 printing
1) печать, печатание2) фотографическое копирование; копирование на формную пластину3) печатное издание4) тираж5) полиграфия, полиграфическая промышленность6) pl различные сорта печатной бумагиАнгло-русский словарь по полиграфии и издательскому делу > printing
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17 paper
1. газета; журналbogus paper — газета — призрак
2. лист бумаги3. документsham paper — подложный, фальшивый документ
falsified paper — подложный, фальшивый документ
4. бумажные деньги5. пакетpaper bag — пакет; бумажный мешок
6. статья; научный докладinvited paper — заказная статья; заказной доклад
7. обои8. папье-машеcases, stands, tea-boards all of paper finely varnished and painted — коробки, подставки, чайные подносы из папье-маше, искусно разрисованные и покрытые лаком
9. подклеивать форзацacid-free paper — бескислотная бумага; антикоррозийная бумага
acid-proof paper — кислотоупорная бумага; антикоррозийная бумага
alabaster paper — алебастровая бумага; бумага, покрытая слоем свинцового сахара
Albert note paper — почтовая бумага форматом 9,8?15,2 см
albumenized paper — альбуминизированная бумага; бумага, покрытая слоем альбумина
antique paper — бумага с грубой поверхностью, имитирующая старинную бумагу ручной выделки; бумага с матовой отделкой
10. антикоррозийная бумага11. бумага с нетускнеющей поверхностью12. бумага-основа13. оклеечная бумага14. светозащитная бумага15. бумага для переноса красящего слояbakelite paper — бакелитовая бумага, бумага с наполнителем из фенольной смолы
baryta paper — баритированная бумага, баритовая бумага
bastard paper — грубая бумага; серая бумага; грубая обёрточная бумага
bible paper — словарная бумага, библьдрук
bibulous paper — промокательная бумага; впитывающая бумага
bill paper — бумага для изготовления денежных знаков и других документов строгой отчётности
blotting paper — промокательная бумага; впитывающая бумага
blueprint paper — светокопировальная бумага, бумага для изготовления синих копий, синька
board paper — часть форзаца, приклеиваемая к переплётной крышке
body paper — подложка, субстрат; бумага-основа
paper fff transparency — бумага — пленка
16. бумага для склеивания корешков блоков17. печатная бумага, бумага для печатания книг18. типографская бумагаboxed paper — бумага, уложенная или упакованная в коробку
brownprint paper — светокопировальная бумага, бумага для изготовления коричневых копий
calendered paper — каландрированная бумага, глазированная бумага, лощёная бумага, сатинированная бумага
calf paper — бумага, имитирующая телячью кожу
capsule-carrying paper — копировальная бумага с покрытием, содержащим химический реагент в микрокапсулах
carbonless paper — копировальная бумага, не содержащая пигмента, самокопирующая бумага
chattel paper — бумага, удостоверяющая имущественный интерес
19. чертёжная бумага низкого качестваbutcher paper — кровенепроницаемая бумага; толстый пергамент
20. обложечная бумагаEnglish-finish paper — глазированная, сатинированная бумага
21. бумага, испорченная при изготовленииwood-pulp paper — бумага, изготовленная из древесной массы
22. наружные листы пачки бумаги23. бумага машинного мелованияpaper web — лента бумаги, бумажная лента; бумажный рулон
24. мелованная бумага с повышенным лоскомchroma paper — высококачественная мелованная бумага, бумага высокой степени мелования
chromo paper — бумага, имитирующая хромовую кожу
clay-coated paper — бумага, покрытая слоем каолина
closely made paper with moderate finish — бумага с сомкнутой поверхностью и умеренным каландрированием
coarse paper — грубая бумага, шероховатая бумага, бумага с грубой поверхностью
coated paper — мелованная бумага; бумага с покрытием
coated free-sheet paper — мелованная бумага, не содержащая древесной массы
coated groundwood paper — мелованная бумага, содержащая древесную массу
coordinate paper — бумага с координатной сеткой, миллиметровая бумага
corn raw paper — бумага-основа для корнпапира, бумага-основа для зернёной бумаги
cross-section paper — бумага с координатной сеткой, миллиметровая бумага
cut sized paper — нарезанная бумага, бумага, разрезанная на листы канцелярского формата
Day-glo fluorescent paper — бумага дневного свечения, люминесцентная бумага
25. узорчатая бумага26. чертёжная бумага; рисовальная бумагаdeveloping paper — фотографическая бумага, фотобумага
diazo paper — диазотипная бумага, диазобумага
dielectric paper — изоляционная бумага, диэлектрическая бумага
dielectric coated paper — бумага, покрытая слоем диэлектрика
diffusion-transfer negative paper — негативная бумага, применяемая при диффузионном способе переноса изображения
27. прокладочная бумагаBible paper — библьдрук, особо тонкая непрозрачная бумага
28. промокательная бумагаsamurai commercial paper — коммерческая бумага "самурай"
29. эстампная бумага, бумага для художественной печати30. глазированная бумага; мелованная бумага31. конвертная бумагаoil tracing paper — бумага — основа для чертежной кальки
32. обёрточная бумагаextra-supercalendered paper — глазированная бумага высшего качества, суперкаландрированная бумага
fanfold paper — бумага, сфальцованная гармошкой
33. филигранная бумага, филигрань; бумага с водяными знаками34. тонкая бумага с прозрачным узором35. бумага с клеевым желатиновым слоем36. пигментная бумагаglass paper — наждачная бумага; бумага из стекловолокна
37. атласная бумагаglazed imitation paper — тонкая прочная глазированная бумага, имитирующая пергамент
38. «золотая» бумага39. бумага, окрашенная бронзовой краскойgraph paper — бумага с координатной сеткой, миллиметровая бумага
40. невыдержанная бумага41. свежевыработанная бумага; неотлежавшаяся бумагаhand-made paper — бумага ручного производства, бумага ручного отлива
hard paper — плотная бумага; картон
heat seal paper — бумага, приклеивающаяся при нагреве
heavy paper — плотная бумага, бумага с большой объёмной массой
hotmelt coated paper — бумага с покрытием, нанесённым из расплава
illustration printing paper — иллюстрационная бумага, бумага для печатания иллюстраций
image bearing paper — запечатанная бумага; бумага, несущая изображение
42. импрегнированная бумагаto rule lines on paper, to rule paper — линовать бумагу
43. изоляционная пропиточная бумагаone-side art paper — бумага, мелованная с одной стороны
metal base paper — бумага — основа для металлизирования
44. ротаторная бумага45. бумага для множительных машинIndian paper — бумага из волокон бамбука; тонкая печатная бумага
Indian Oxford paper — словарная бумага, библьдрук
46. японская бумага, японский пергамент47. имитация японской бумагиjob paper — контрольный лист ; приправочный лист
label paper — этикеточная бумага, бумага для печатания этикеток
laminated paper — многослойная бумага; ламинированная бумага
waxed paper — вощанка, вощёная бумага
48. форзацlegal paper — бумага формата 33?40,7 см
letter paper — почтовая бумага формата 25,4?40,7 см
light-weight paper — бумага с малой плотностью; неплотная бумага
49. цветная обложечная бумага50. форзацная бумага51. бумага для склеивания корешковlinty paper — бумага, пылящая при печатании
woodfree paper — бумага, не содержащая древесной массы
52. неплотная бумага53. свободная бумагаmachine-glazed paper — бумага, глазированная с одной стороны
metal paper — металлизированная бумага; фольга; станиоль
54. металлизированная бумага; фольга; станиоль55. металлописная бумагаmica paper — бумага, покрытая слюдой, слюдяная бумага
mill-conditioned paper — бумага, акклиматизированная на фабрике
mill-tinted paper — бумага фабричной окраски; бумага, окрашенная в массе
negative paper — негативная бумага, фотобумага для получения негативов
rag paper — бумага, содержащая хлопчатобумажное тряпье
paper waste — бумажный брак; макулатура; отходы бумаги
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18 Pilkington, Sir Lionel Alexander Bethune (Alastair)
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 7 January 1920 Calcutta, India[br]English inventor of the float-glass process.[br]Pilkington was educated at Sherborne School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated in mechanical science. He spent one year at Cambridge followed by war service, which lasted until 1945. He returned to complete his degree and then joined Pilkington, the well-known glass manufacturer at St Helens' Lancashire, in 1947. Sir Alastair is not, however, related to the Pilkington family of glassmakers.The forming of perfectly flat glass that retained its fire finish had eluded glassmakers for centuries. Until the 1950s the only way of making really flat glass was to form plate glass by continuous casting between steel rollers. This destroyed the fire finish, which had to be restored by expensive grinding and polishing. The process entailed the loss of 20 per cent of good glass. The idea of floating glass on molten metal occurred to Sir Alastair in October 1952, and thereafter he remained in charge of development until commercial success had been achieved. The idea of floating molten glass on molten tin had been patented in the United States as early as 1902, but had never been pursued. The Pilkington process in essence was to float a ribbon of molten glass on a bath of molten tin in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen, to prevent oxidation of the tin. It was patented in Britain in 1957 and in the USA two years later. The first production glass issued from the plant in May 1957, although the first good glass did not appear until July 1958. The process was publicly announced the following year and was quickly taken up by the industry. It is now the universal method for manufacturing high quality flat glass.Having seen through the greatest single advance in glassmaking and one of the most important technological developments this century, Sir Alastair became Chairman of Pilkingtons until 1980 and President thereafter.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1970. FRS 1969. Honorary Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1991.Bibliography1969, "Float glass process—the review lecture", Royal Society (13 February). 1975, "Floating windows", Proceedings of the Royal Institution, Vol. 48.1976, "Float glass—evolution and revolution over 60 years", Glass Technology, Vol. 17, no. 5.1963, "The development of float glass", Glass Industry, (February).Further ReadingJ.Jewkes et al., 1969, The Sources of Invention, 2nd ed., London: Macmillan.LRDBiographical history of technology > Pilkington, Sir Lionel Alexander Bethune (Alastair)
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